Napoleon and Josephine : an Ordinary Couple
The mythical couple formed by Napoleon and Joséphine still arouses curiosity today for these two characters seem absolutely opposite. This…
The Death of Napoleon: such a big mystery?
When Napoleon died at St. Helena, the question of the causes of his death soon became a subject of debate. Cancer? Poison? These only…
Creation of the Bank of France by Napoleon Bonaparte
In this very young XIXth century, the moribund economy post Revolution urged the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte to create the Bank of…
New Year’s Eve at Saint Helena
First half of the XIXth century still ignores the festivities of Christmas without being spared - at least in the wealthiest social classes…
Napoleon Bonaparte’s emblems : between simplicity and erudition
Napoleon I forged his own emblems far from those too connoted of the Ancien Régime. The young Emperor intends to offer new perspectives to…
Athenian of Napoleon Bonaparte
While France leaves Ancien Regime to turn in a 19th century full of promises, habits regarding hygiene change slowly. Water takes a new…
The Arrival of Napoleon at St. Helena
Following the Hundred Days (from March to July 1815) - the short period in which Napoleon regained power after his second abdication - the…
Scents of Saint-Helena island
Modest island in the middle of Atlantic Ocean, 2000 kilometers from Africa and 3000 kilometers from Brazil, the British Saint Helena does…
Cologne: Between Pharmacy and Perfumery
Elaborated from the medieval recipe of a Florentine convent, Cologne is first presented by its creator as a remedy rather than a cosmetic…
A History of Cologne
From Italian monastery to society Parisian boutiques, Cologne had a European fortune: its creator’s audacity plus vicissitudes of royal…